Traditional grading systems have inherent issues that undermine learning. The subjectivity of grades comes from the lack of consistency in what is measured and how it is measured. Alternative grading systems can help improve learning and increase equity.
To help instructors more fully understand the potential pitfalls of traditional grading, as well as provide information about alternatives, the Center for Transformative Teaching has recently published Alternative Grading for College Courses.
This resource reviews the literature and practices around traditional grading, as well as four alternative approaches: mastery grading, competency-based grading, contract grading, and specifications grading.
More details at: https://teaching.unl.edu/resources/alternative-grading/